Section 1.10.32 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC
"Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?"

1914 translation by H. Rackham
"But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?"

Section 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC
"At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat."

1914 translation by H. Rackham
"On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammelled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains."

1. 로그 수집 프로세스

1. 아파치 혹은 Nginx의 access.log에 외부 접근이 생기면 정해진 로그 포맷에 따라 파일이 생성되거나 내용이 추가됩니다.
2. filbeat는 마치 리눅스의 tail명령어와 같이 지속적으로 파일을 읽어서 로그스태시에게 전달해줍니다. filebeat.yml 파일의 설정 파일로 target 로그스태시 지정이 가능합니다.
3. logstash에서 input 모듈을 활용하면 beat에서의 내용을 받을 수 있습니다. 반드시 앞에 filebeat가 있어야 되는것이 아니고 로컬의 파일을 읽을 수도 있고, 혹은 외부 json 호출도 가능합니다.
4. logstash의 강력한 기능중 하나인 filter를 통하여 log파일의 정제 및 reform이 가능합니다.
5. 정제된 내용을 elastic으로 output으로 보내 줍니다.
6. 키바나에서는 elastic의 내용을 표현해줍니다.

2. Docker-elk를 활용한 설치

2-1. docker-elk repository clone

$ git clone https://github.com/deviantony/docker-elk#requirements

2-2. configuration

• elasticsearch.yml
• logstash.yml / logstash.conf
• kibana.yml

2-3. docker-elk 실행

# docker-compose.yml이 있는 디렉토리에서 수행해야 한다 
# build 
$ docker-compose build 

# 빌드를 통해 생성된 도커 이미지 확인 
$ docker images 

# up: 컨테이너 생성 및 구동, -d는 백그라운드로 실행 옵션 
$ docker-compose up -d 

# 컨테이너 목록 확인 
$ docker-compose ps 

# 컨테이너 로그 확인 
$ docker-compose logs -f

2-4. filebeat 설치

• filebeat 설치 filebeat 를 yum을 통해서 설치

  sudo rpm --import https://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
  

  /etc/yum.repods.d/elastic.repo 추가

  [elastic-6.x]
  name=Elastic repository for 6.x packages
  baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/6.x/yum
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
  enabled=1
  autorefresh=1
  type=rpm-md
  

3. 설정

3-1. filebeat 설정

![ELK_로그스태시](http://blog.wonizz.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ELK_로그스태시.png)filebeat.prospectors:

# Each - is a prospector. Most options can be set at the prospector level, so
# you can use different prospectors for various configurations.
# Below are the prospector specific configurations.

- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /var/log/my_log_path/*.log
  fields:
    index_name: "my_custom_file_index_name"

#----------Elasticsearch output--------------- 주석처리
# (beats 에서 바로 ES 로 데이터 전달하지 않음)


#----------Logstash output ------------------- 주석해제
# (beats 에서 logstash 로 데이터 전달)

output.logstash:
  # The Logstash hosts
  hosts: ["my-logstash-server-host:5044"]

...

3-2. logstash 설정

• grok, mutate, json, geoip, alter 필터를 설정했고 filebeat 에서 fields 로 넘겨받은 index_name을 사용했다.
• date 필터는 기준 시각을 filebeat 에 의해서 파싱된 시각을 사용하지 않고, log 에 기록된 시각으로 지정하도록 한다.

input {
...
}


filter {
...
}


output {
...
}

input {
  beats {
    port => 5044
  }
}
filter {

        grok {
                match => { "message" => "\"(?:%{WORD:verb} %{GREEDYDATA:uri_stem}\?%{GREEDYDATA:uri_query}(?: HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})?|-)\" %{QS:agent}" }
        }
        if "_grokparsefailure" in [tags] {
                drop { }
        }
        mutate {
                gsub => [ "uri_query", "=(?<=\=)(.*?)(?=&|HTTP)", "",
                           "uri_query", "HTTP/1.0", "",
                           "uri_query", "HTTP/1.1", "",
                           "uri_query", "nocache", "",
                           "uri_query", "kkkkk", ""
        ]
                split => { "uri_query" => "&" }
        }
        mutate {
                remove_field => "message"
                remove_field => "verb"
                remove_field => "httpversion"
         }
        date {
                 match => [ "timestamp" , "dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z" ]
        }

}
output {
        elasticsearch {
                hosts => ["172.26.0.1:9200"]
                index => "wonizz_nginx"
                user => "elastic"
                password => "changeme"
        }

                stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}

• input

beats {
    port => 5044
  }

• filter

grok {
                match => { "message" => "\"(?:%{WORD:verb} %{GREEDYDATA:uri_stem}\?%{GREEDYDATA:uri_query}(?: HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})?|-)\" %{QS:agent}" }
        }

if "_grokparsefailure" in [tags] {
                drop { }
        }

mutate {
                gsub => [ "uri_query", "=(?<=\=)(.*?)(?=&|HTTP)", "",
                           "uri_query", "HTTP/1.0", "",
                           "uri_query", "HTTP/1.1", "",
                           "uri_query", "nocache", "",
                           "uri_query", "kkkkk", ""
        ]
                split => { "uri_query" => "&" }
        }

mutate {
                remove_field => "message"
                remove_field => "verb"
                remove_field => "httpversion"
         }

• output

 elasticsearch {
                hosts => ["172.26.0.1:9200"]
                index => "wonizz_nginx"
                user => "elastic"
                password => "changeme"
        }

4. elasticsearch 조회

var elasticsearch = require('elasticsearch');
var client = new elasticsearch.Client({
  host: 'localhost:9200',
  log: 'trace'
});


client.search({
index: 'wonizz_nginx',
type: '_doc',
body: {
"query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "range": {
            "@timestamp": {
              "gte": "now-1h/h",
              "lte": "now"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_state": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "uri_query.keyword"
        }
     }
  }
}
})

5. 마치며…

함께 보면 좋은 글

• DevOps 사전 과제
• [AWS] ECS 서비스란?
• [Ansible] 플레이북 Role 과 Include
• [Kubernetes] 쿠버네티스 Service 란?

The post [DevOps] ELK를 활용한 로그 분석 appeared first on WONIZZ.LOG.

Section 1.10.32 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC
"Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?"

1914 translation by H. Rackham
"But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?"

Section 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC
"At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat."

1914 translation by H. Rackham
"On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammelled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains."

• nginx conf 파일 변경
• nginx map 파일 변경
• nginx location 파일 변경

1. Ansible include

---
# possibly saved as tasks/foo.yml

- name: placeholder foo
  command: /bin/foo

- name: placeholder bar
  command: /bin/bar

tasks:

  - include: tasks/foo.yml

tasks:
  - include: wordpress.yml wp_user=timmy
  - include: wordpress.yml wp_user=alice
  - include: wordpress.yml wp_user=bob

tasks:

  - include: wordpress.yml
    vars:
        wp_user: timmy
        ssh_keys:
          - keys/one.txt
          - keys/two.txt

{{ wp_user }}

- name: this is a play at the top level of a file
  hosts: all
  remote_user: root

  tasks:

  - name: say hi
    tags: foo
    shell: echo "hi..."

- include: load_balancers.yml
- include: webservers.yml
- include: dbservers.yml

2. Ansible Role

site.yml
webservers.yml
fooservers.yml
roles/
   common/
     files/
     templates/
     tasks/
     handlers/
     vars/
     defaults/
     meta/
   webservers/
     files/
     templates/
     tasks/
     handlers/
     vars/
     defaults/
     meta/

---
- hosts: webservers
  roles:
     - common
     - webservers

• 만약 roles/x/tasks/main.yml 이 존재하면, 그곳에 있는 태스크 들이 플레이에 추가됩니다
• 만약 roles/x/handlers/main.yml 이 존재하면, 그곳에 있는 핸들러 들이 플레이에 추가됩니다
• 만약 roles/x/vars/main.yml 이 존재하면, 그곳에 있는 변수 들이 플레이에 추가됩니다
• 만약 roles/x/defaults/main.yml 이 존재하면, 그곳에 있는 변수 들이 플레이에 추가됩니다
• 만약 roles/x/meta/main.yml 이 존재하면, 그곳에 있는 role 의존성이 role 목록에 추가됩니다 (role 의존성은 아래에 따로 설명합니다)
• Role에 있는 다른 어떤 copy, script, template 또는 include task 들은 role/x/{files,templates,tasks}/ 에 있는 것을 참조합니다.

• 파라미터 방식

---
- hosts: webservers
  roles:
    - common
    - { role: foo_app_instance, dir: '/opt/a',  app_port: 5000 }
    - { role: foo_app_instance, dir: '/opt/b',  app_port: 5001 }

• 조건부 방식

---
- hosts: webservers
  roles:
    - { role: some_role, when: "ansible_os_family == 'RedHat'" }

• 태그방식

---
- hosts: webservers
  roles:
    - { role: foo, tags: ["bar", "baz"] }

• 순서 지정

---

- hosts: webservers

  pre_tasks:
    - shell: echo 'hello'

  roles:
    - { role: some_role }

  tasks:
    - shell: echo 'still busy'

  post_tasks:
    - shell: echo 'goodbye'

3. Ansible Role 예제 분석

1. https://galaxy.ansible.com/geerlingguy/docker 접속
2. ansible 이 설치된 서버에서 다음을 실행

$ cd /etc/ansible/
$ ansible-galaxy install geerlingguy.docker

3. roles 폴더 확인

$ cd /etc/ansible/roles

defaults/main.yml
handlers/main.yml
LICENSE
meta/main.yml
molecule
README.md
tasks/main.yml
     /docker-1809-shim.yml
     /docker-compose.yml
     /docker-users.yml
     /setup-Debian.yml
     /setup-RedHat.yml
templates/override.conf.j2

4. 실행

ansible-playbook playbook_docker_test.yml

- hosts: test
  roles:
    - geerlingguy.docker

5. 실행결과 해석

PLAY [test] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : include_tasks] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/roles/geerlingguy.docker/tasks/setup-RedHat.yml for https_ids_a01

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Ensure old versions of Docker are not installed.] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Add Docker GPG key.] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Add Docker repository.] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Configure Docker Edge repo.] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
 [WARNING]: The value 0 (type int) in a string field was converted to u'0' (type string). If this does not look like what you expect, quote the entire value to ensure it does not change.

ok: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Configure Docker Test repo.] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : include_tasks] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
skipping: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : install the container-selinux rpm from a remote repo] **************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Install Docker.] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Ensure containerd service dir exists.] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Add shim to ensure Docker can start in all environments.] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Reload systemd daemon if template is changed.] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
skipping: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Ensure Docker is started and enabled at boot.] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [https_ids_a01]

RUNNING HANDLER [geerlingguy.docker : restart docker] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : include_tasks] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/roles/geerlingguy.docker/tasks/docker-compose.yml for https_ids_a01

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Check current docker-compose version.] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Delete existing docker-compose version if it's different.] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************
skipping: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : Install Docker Compose (if configured).] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [https_ids_a01]

TASK [geerlingguy.docker : include_tasks] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
[DEPRECATION WARNING]: evaluating [] as a bare variable, this behaviour will go away and you might need to add |bool to the expression in the future. Also see CONDITIONAL_BARE_VARS configuration toggle.. This feature will be removed in
 version 2.12. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
skipping: [https_ids_a01]

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
https_ids_a01              : ok=16   changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=4    rescued=0    ignored=0   

• setup-RedHat.yml
  • 도커 설치
• docker-1809-shim.yml
  • 도커 정상시작 체크
  • 도커 방화벽 충돌체크
• docker-compose.yml
• docker-users.yml

4. 필자 Ansible 사용예시

1. playbook_nginx_conf.yml

- hosts: "{{ server }}"
  remote_user: idsuser  
  tasks:
  - name: Change Nginx Config file
    become: yes
    become_method: sudo
    template:
      src: /etc/ansible/config/{{server}}/nginx.conf
      dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

  - name: Validate Config file
    become: yes
    become_method: sudo
    command: "nginx -t"
    register: shell_result

  - debug:
      var: shell_result.stderr_lines

• config 파일 변경
• config 파일 이상유무 테스트

2. playbook_nginx_restart.yml

- hosts: idsqa_a01
  remote_user: idsuser
  tasks:
  - name: Syntax Test  Nginx.conf
    become: yes
    become_method: sudo
    command: "nginx -t"
    register: shell_result

  - debug:
      var: shell_result.stderr_lines

  - name: Restart Nginx
    become: yes
    become_method: sudo
    service: name=nginx state=restarted
    when: '"nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful" in shell_result.stderr_lines'

  - name: Check Nginx Status
    become: yes
    become_method: sudo
    shell: service nginx status
    args:
      warn: false
    register: service_status

  - debug:
      var: service_status.stdout_lines

  - name: Check Process Nginx
    become: yes
    become_method: sudo
    shell: 'ps -ef | grep nginx'
    register: process_result

  - debug:
      var: process_result.stdout_lines

• config 파일 이상유무 테스트
• nginx 재시작
• nginx status 체크
• nginx process 체크

5. 마치며..

함께 보면 좋은 글

• [Docker] Dockerfile 의 이해
• [Docker] Volume 의 관리
• [Docker] Compose 구성과 사용법
• [Docker] 네트워크의 이해

The post [Ansible] 플레이북 Role 과 Include appeared first on WONIZZ.LOG.

Section 1.10.32 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC
"Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?"

1914 translation by H. Rackham
"But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?"

Section 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC
"At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat."

1914 translation by H. Rackham
"On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammelled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains."

오픽 AL 도전 1편 

오픽 시험 도전 수기 입니다. 4번의 시험을 볼 예정이고, 각자 시험마다, 후기를 작성합니다.

1.  직장 (사업/회사)
2.  사는곳 ( 배우자와 함께 주택이나 아파트에 거주)
3. 설문(총 12개 이상) 3-1. 영화보기, 공연보기, 콘서트보기 3-2. 공원가기, 캠핑하기, 해변가기 3-3. 카페/커피전문점에가기 3-4. 음악감상하기 3-5. 조깅/걷기/헬스 3-6. 국내여행/해외여행
4. 돌발주제 4-1. 명절 4-2. 교통수단 4-3. 산업 4-4. 지역 축제 4-5. 지형,야외 활동 4-6. 기술 4-7. 재활용

<오픽 2주차>

1.  직장 (사업/회사)
2.  사는곳 ( 배우자와 함께 주택이나 아파트에 거주)
3. 설문(총 12개 이상) 3-1. 영화보기, 공연보기, 콘서트보기 3-2. 공원가기, 캠핑하기, 해변가기 3-3. 카페/커피전문점에가기 3-4. 음악감상하기 3-5. 조깅/걷기/헬스 3-6. 국내여행/해외여행
4. 돌발주제 4-1. 명절 4-2. 교통수단 4-3. 산업 4-4. 지역 축제 4-5. 지형,야외 활동

11월 18(일) 시험 후기

2. 갑작스러운 돌발(?)

• 너가 사는곳에 강이나 산이 있니?

3. 갑작스러운 돌발(?)

4. 직장에서 상사와 우연히 만난 이야기

5. 직장에서 어려운 문제를 해결한 이야기

6. 좋아하는 음악 타입 혹은 음악가 2개 선정 후 비교

7. 좋아하는 여행지 해변가 ?

8. 요즘 시대에 기술이 가미된 프로덕트(?) 소개

9. 해외여행에서 렌트카 관련 질문 3가지 이상

10. 렌트카 빌렸는데 면허증 없을때의 대처

…..시험본지 일주일만에 젂으려니 기억이 잘 안난다. 우선 2년만에 보는 나름의 첫(?) 시험이라, 다소 긴장도 했고 더듬거리도 한듯하다. 우선 결과를 기다리고 있지만, 큰 기대는 하고 있지 않는다. 다음시험을 준비하면서 추가적인 계획을 세워본다.

<오픽 2차 시험 대비>

1.  직장 (사업/회사)
2.  사는곳 ( 배우자와 함께 주택이나 아파트에 거주)
3. 설문(총 12개 이상) 3-1. 영화보기, 공연보기, 콘서트보기 3-2. 공원가기, 캠핑하기, 해변가기 3-3. 카페/커피전문점에가기 3-4. 음악감상하기 3-5. 조깅/걷기/헬스 3-6. 국내여행/해외여행
4. 돌발주제 4-1. 명절 4-2. 교통수단 4-3. 산업 4-4. 지역 축제 4-5. 지형,야외 활동

<오픽 시험 3차 대비>

<오픽 시험 4차 대비>

함께 보면 좋은 글

• [자격증] AWS Solutions Architect Professional 취득 후기
• [블록체인] 1편 : 블록체인 기본 개념
• [DevOps] ELK를 활용한 로그 분석
• [Ansible] 플레이북 Role 과 Include

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